Brief Information
The Chukchi language (an exoethnonym) is spoken by the Chukchi, an Indigenous people of the extreme Northeast of Asia.
According to 2010 Russian census, the majority of the Chukchi live in settlements or migrate across the tundra of the or migrate across the tundra of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (formerly part of Magadan Oblast). The Kolyma Chukchi live in the Nizhnekolymsky District of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), in the village of Kolyma and in the district center of the village of Chersky. Reindeer-herding brigades of the Kolyma Chukchi roam the tundra west of the Kolyma River (Khalarchinskaya tundra). Some of the Chukchi live in the Olyutorsky District of Kamchatka Krai, and some reside in the city of Magadan
According to the 2010 Russian census, the Chukchi population numbers 15,908 people and 5,095 of them speak the Chukchi language.
Based on contemporary linguistic data, three dialect groups can be distinguished: eastern (eastern and central Chukotka), western, and southern (Khatyr–Vaezh). Dialectal differences are relatively minor and do not hinder mutual intelligibility.
Differences in traditional lifestyles have resulted in notable lexical divergence between the two groups of Chukchi speakers:
- Coastal Chukchi (аӈӄальыт, sg. аӈӄальын) – people of the seaside, who are settled on the shores of the Bering and Chukchi seas and are engaged in the trade of marine mammals;
- Reindeer Chukchi (чавчыват [chavchyvat], sg. чавчыван [chavchyvan]), who migrate across the inland tundra of Chukotka and practice reindeer herding.
In the 1920s, the Chukchi language was renamed into Luoravetlan (from the Chukchi autonym лыгъоравэтльат [lyg"oravetl’at] (sg. лыгъоравэтльан [lyg"oravetl’an]) – луораветланы [luoravetlany], meaning 'real people’. However, this name did not gain wide acceptance.
Researchers agree that the Chukchi were originally hunters of wild reindeer, following seasonal migration routes. Over time, part of the population adopted reindeer husbandry, apparently borrowed from neighboring peoples. The earliest evidence of small domestic herds among the Chukchi dates to the first half of the 18th century, when herding was still closely integrated with hunting. Another group of Chukchi shifted to marine hunting, adopting this subsistence strategy from Eskimo groups inhabiting the northeastern coasts. Despite extensive interethnic marriages and partial language loss, coastal Chukchi continue to identify themselves as part of the broader Chukchi people.
Genealogy
Traditionally, the Chukchi language has been classified among the so-called Paleo-Asiatic languagess, which are a purely geographical and non-linguistic association. In genetic classification, it belongs to the Chukchi-Kamchatkan language family, which typically includes Chukchi, Koryak, Alyutor, Kerek (now extinct) and Itelmen languages [Skorik 1968: 233]. However, some researchers propose a narrower Chukchi–Koryak subgroup, treating Itelmen as a language isolate [Volodin 1997: 13].
Distribution
Most Chukchi (12,772 people) live in settlements or migrate across the tundra of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Kolyma Chukchi reside in the in Nizhnekolymsky District of Yakutia (670 people), primarily in the villages of Kolyma and Chersky. Reindeer-herding brigades of the Kolyma Chukchi roam about the tundra to the west of the Kolyma River (Khalarchinskaya tundra). Some Chukchi live in the Olyutorsky District of Kamchatka Krai (1,496 people), with confirmed compact residence in the village of Middle Pakhachi and possible residence in other settlements. About 285 Chukchi live in Magadan.
Language contacts and multilingualism
Russian is spoken by the vast majority of Chukchi. In tundra areas and remote Indigenous settlements, a very small proportion of people – typically those over 70 years old – have limited proficiency in Russian.
Historically, Chukchi functioned as a regional lingua franca among the peoples of northeastern Russia (Eskimos, Evens, Koryaks, Yukaghirs), therefore, so many representatives of these peoples, living side by side with the Chukchi, were fluent in this language. In peripheral areas (Nizhnekolymsky District of Yakutia, Penzhinsky and Olyutorsky Districts of Kamchatka), many Chukchi speakers are multilingual, speaking Even, Yakut, or Koryak in addition to Chukchi.
During the 20th century, Chukchi language – along with the Russian, Yakut, Even and Yukaghir languages, – formed part of the multilingual repertoire of residents of the Nizhnekolymsky District of Yakutia. Due to extensive interethnic marriages, it is sometimes impossible to assign speakers to a single ethnic category, since many of them are descendants of mixed Chukchi-Yukaghir-Even-Yakut marriages that thus have formed a kind of Nizhnekolymsky “superethnos”.
Language functioning
- Legal status
- Writing system
- Language standardization
- Domains of language usage
In the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Chukchi language is recognized as the local official language in areas of Chukchi residence [‘O yazykakh v Respublike Sakha (Yakutiya)’ About languages in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Chapter I, Article 6]. It has no official status in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug or Kamchatka Krai.
Chukchi is a relatively young written language. V. Bogoraz, the first researcher of the Chukchi language, recorded materials using a special phonetic Latin-based script. The first official orthography appeared in 1932 based on the Unified Northern Alphabet (its graphic system was Latin-based, too). The first alphabet book in the Chukchi language was published. Later, in the mid-30s, the Chukchi writing system, along with writing systems of other peoples of the North, was converted to Cyrillic.
Even before the introduction of the alphabetic writing system, in the early XX century, the Chukchi shepherd Tenevil was inspired by the idea of writing and developed an independent ideographic writing system based on primitive signs. During his lifetime he perfected this system; as a result, signs appeared not only for verbs and nouns, but also for pronouns and conjunctions. Writing system was spread among the Tenevil’s camp and possibly among several nearby campsites. The use of the writing system ceased after his death.
The modern standard orthography is based on the eastern (Uelen) dialect of coastal Chukchi.
Chukchi traditionally distinguishes masculine and feminine sociolects, characterized by systematic phonological differences (for example, the r/ç alternation in many positions). The masculine sociolect formed the basis of the literary standard and was used as a medium of instruction; the female language, being less prestigious, has been gradually falling out of use since then and to the present day. Many speakers perceive this situation as tragic, noting that women speaking the masculine variant are often felt to sound unnatural.
The literary tradition remains limited, and the standard language is still in an early stage of development. Fiction, journalistic, and educational texts exist, but functional stylistic differentiation is minimal; special literature in Chukchi is no being published. Representatives of the national intelligentsia point out that the language of fiction literature is often heavily influenced by Russian calques, which is why it is stylistically unnatural and contains texts that present notable difficulties for comprehension. Only a small number of authors have succeeded in writing in a more natural, “living” Chukchi.
Family / everyday communication
Family / everyday communication
The Chukchi language is used as a means of communication primarily between the older generation (generally those over 50) and the middle generation (roughly those aged 30 and above) when speaking with elders. Intergenerational transmission to children is preserved only in some families, mainly in rural areas and communities maintaining traditional lifestyles.
Education
Education
Medium of Instruction
Chukchi is generally not used as a language of instruction in educational institutions.
Subject of study
In accordance with the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”, decisions about offering Chukchi language instruction in schools of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug fall under the authority of local educational administrations. The decision to implement native language programs is made by the school’s public council, which includes parents, students, and administrators.
Where such programs are approved in settlements with compact Indigenous populations, Chukchi is typically taught as follows:
- Grades 1–7: 2 hours per week
- Grades 8–9: 1 hour per week
Chukchi is taught in schools in Chersky and Kolyma. It is not taught as a subject in most schools of Anadyr or other districts.
Preschool Education
Chukchi is taught one or two hours per week in some kindergartens.
Primary Education (Grades 1–4)
At the primary level, Chukchi is usually taught as a subject in schools located in areas of compact Indigenous residence.
Lower Secondary Education (Grades 5–9)
Chukchi continues to be taught as a subject at this level in such settlements.
Upper Secondary Education (Grades 10–11)
At this stage, Chukchi is rarely offered. Some students may attend extracurricular programs devoted to the Chukchi language, history, and culture, developed by teachers on a volunteer basis.
Vocational and Higher Education
Chukchi is taught at the Institute of the Peoples of the North (Herzen State Pedagogical University), where teachers of Chukchi language and literature are trained, as well as at North-Eastern Federal University (Yakutsk) and the Chukchi Multidisciplinary College.
Textbooks & Manuals
Alphabet books, school dictionaries (alphabetical and thematic), textbooks, reading materials, and teaching manuals have been published. In the post-Soviet period, many Soviet-era materials were reprinted in Chukchi, and in recent decades new textbooks and teaching aids for preschool, primary, and secondary education have been developed. For example, from 2002 to the present day has been published the textbook in Chukchi “Лыгэвэтгав” [Emelyanova, Korcheva 2003] for district schools; didactic material on the Chukchi language for Primary school [Gemako, Moreva 2005]; the educational and methodological manual in Chukchi for teachers of Preschool and Primary Education “Ярарқай” [Rultyna 2005]; the manual for classes on speech development in Primary classes of educational institutions of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug “Калевэтгав; the book for reading in the Chukchi language” [Vykvyragtyrgyrgyna 2005]; the educational and methodological manual for teachers of Preschool educational institutions of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug “Мынымгомык лыгэвэтгавык” (‘Let's start speaking Chukchi’) [Emelyanova 2006].
Today, didactic materials in the Kolyma dialect of the Chukchi language have been published as well, such as “Мургин Азбука [Murgin Azbuka]” under the authorship of natives of the Kolyma village Zh. Dyachkova and V. Dyachkova [Dyachkova, Dyachkova 2011].
Educational materials have also been produced. The most complete Chukchi-Russian Dictionary of 2005 [Moll, Inenlikey 1957/2005] has 8,000 words and is only an expanded and corrected reissue of the dictionary that was compiled in the 1950s. Existing dictionaries often lack dialect labeling, extensive examples, and detailed grammatical information. The first voluminous Chukchi-Russian Dictionary – the dictionary of origins [Bogoraz 1937/2011] and the electronic Chukchi-Russian thematic Dictionary by V. G. Ranavroltyn (2005) can be singled out.
Mass media
Mass media
Press
Chukchi-language publications firstly appear in regional newspapers and supplements in the newspaper “Мургин нутенут” (‘Our Land’) in the post-Soviet years. Currently, articles and interviews in Chukchi are published monthly in the newspaper “Унпэӈэр” (Bilibino, Chukot Autonomous Okrug), once every three months – in the newspaper supplement “Kolymskaya Pravda” (‘The truth of Kolyma’; Chersky, Nizhnekolymsky District of Yakutia). Articles, interviews, and folklore materials in Chukchi are published periodically in a methodological collection “Айвэрэттэ” (Chukotka District House of Folk Art; Anadyr, the administrative center of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug).
Until recently, the supplement of the monthly newspaper “Krayniy Sever” (‘Far North’) was published under the name “Вэтгав” (‘Word’). It contained selective translations of the newspaper’s materials from Russian into Chukchi. The Chukotka supplement to the district newspaper has existed since the 1960s.
Over time, the nature of its content has changed: in the 1990s, the Chukotka editorial staff moved from publishing translations of Russian-language articles to producing original materials, including journalistic pieces; in the early 2000s, the supplement adopted a literary orientation, publishing excerpts from literary works and oral folk art; finally, in 2007, the editorial policy changed again, and the supplement returned to a translation-based format.
Radio
Local radio broadcasts in the Chukchi language are transmitted on the frequency of Radio Russia for approximately 85 minutes per week. The programming includes interviews with notable individuals, news bulletins, and music programs. While news content often duplicates Russian-language broadcasts, the remaining radio programs are produced with a distinct local character, reflecting Chukchi linguistic and cultural identity.
As far as can be determined, radio is the most popular form of mass media among those members of the population who still actively use and think in their native Chukchi language. It serves both as a source of information and as a medium for maintaining cultural and linguistic continuity.
TV
Local television broadcasts in the Chukchi language are conducted several times per week, with a total of approximately seventy-five minutes of programming. Most of the content consists of news, which largely mirrors Russian-language broadcasts.
Culture
Culture
Traditional culture
Traditional rituals performed by elders in some reindeer herding brigades include Chukchi speech. The language is also used during the re-enactment of traditional ceremonies at regional festivals (f.e., in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug).
Amateur Arts
Dance and song ensembles operate in many national settlements. Notable groups include “Chukotka” and the state academic Chukotka–Eskimo ensemble “Ergyron”: https://ergyron.ru/.
Popular Music
Some contemporary musical groups incorporate Chukchi in their creative work. One notable example is the group GUBERNATOR: https://www.realrocks.ru/gubernator/.
Theatre
Chukchi is not currently used in theatrical performance.
Film
The documentary films of A. Vakhrushev and V. Puya are particularly noteworthy. Some participants sometimes feature Chukchi speech and code-switching between Chukchi and Russian. The Chukchi language may also be employed in narrative scripts.
Cartoons
A small number of animated films have been dubbed in Chukchi (f.e. ‘U Lukomorya…’): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2Ok3wzMqn8 .
Museums
Some museum exhibitions include Chukchi-language labels and descriptions. The exhibition of a skeleton of a reindeer with signatures in the Chukchi language is being prepared in the Bilibino Museum, Chukchi signatures have already been added to the exhibition of traditional clothing.
Science
Science
No data is available regarding the use of Chukchi in scientific activities.
Folklore
Folklore
Folklore materials in the Chukchi language are published periodically. According to researchers, the total number of publications of fiction and folklore in Chukchi is approximately 200.
Literature
Literature
The first recognized Chukchi writer is Tynetegyn Fyodor Emmanuilovich Tinetev, who authored the first poem published in the Chukchi language. In the 1930s and 1940s, published works were primarily translations, including ideological texts, children’s literature, and adaptations of classical authors such as A. S. Pushkin.
During the 1950s, original poetry collections began to appear, along with the first collection of short stories by Yuri Rytkheu (1953) and poems by V. G. Keulkut (1958). In the 1960s and 1980s, the publication of works in Chukchi intensified, including poems by M. Valgirgin, K. I. Geutval, A. A. Kymytval, and stories by V. Yatgyrgyn and Yuri Rytkheu.
Currently, several writers live and work in Chukotka, including I. V. Omruvye and V. K. Veket, among others. These contemporary authors continue to develop literary production in the Chukchi language, although the number of active writers remains limited.
Religion
Religion
In the sphere of traditional religious beliefs, including shamanism, the Chukchi language is used during pagan ceremonies in some reindeer herding brigades.
In Orthodox Christian worship, Chukchi is not used. However, the Institute of Bible Translation has initiated translations of religious texts into Chukchi, including the “Taӈпыӈыл Луканэн” (‘Gospel of Luke’, 2002), translated by the Chukchi native speaker I. V. Kulikova, Ph.D.
Various Baptist denominations have recently become more widespread in towns and settlements of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Some religious leaders actively promote the use of national languages, encouraging the Chukchi to translate texts, sing hymns, and participate in religious meetings in Chukchi. In certain settlements, church leaders even organize themed evenings devoted to discussions and activities conducted in the Chukchi language.
Legislation
Legislation
The Chukchi language is not used in legislative processes. Russian serves as the official language for all legal matters.
Administrative activities
Administrative activities
Chukchi is not used in official administrative activities; Russian is used exclusively in this domain.
Legal proceedings
Legal proceedings
Chukchi is not used in courts or legal proceedings. Russian is the language of judicial communication.
Industry
Industry
No data is available regarding the use of Chukchi in industrial activities.
Agriculture
Agriculture
In traditional economic domains such as reindeer husbandry and marine hunting, Chukchi continues to retain limited functional use, particularly in remote and isolated areas. Shepherds in reindeer herding brigades sometimes communicate in their native language while tending herds.
However, even in these “language-friendly” areas, Russian often predominates. The continued use of Chukchi depends heavily on the presence of influential elders who maintain traditional management practices, household items, clothing, and ritual observances. Even in such cases, communication frequently occurs in a context of code-switching, blending Chukchi and Russian.
Trade and service
Trade and service
The Chukchi language is not used in trade or service sectors. Russian is the primary language in these domains.
Transport
Transport
The Chukchi language is not used in transportation-related communication. Russian serves as the functional language in this area.
Internet
Internet
The Chukchi language may be used in personal communication via SMS and messaging applications.
Dynamics of language usage
Language use varies considerably between the seaside Chukchi and reindeer Chukchi. The sedentary lifestyle of the seaside Chukchi has made them more exposed to Russian influence, resulting in almost complete loss of Chukchi in this traditional economic domain.
During marine hunting, older hunters rarely exchange remarks in Chukchi; due to younger hunters’ limited knowledge of the language, all primary commands are given in Russian. Monolingual Chukchi speakers persist mainly among the elderly (ages 65–80) who have chosen not to move to villages after retirement and continue living in the tundra. Their children are compelled to communicate with them in Chukchi, but the grandchildren of these monolingual elders typically do not speak the language, creating significant intergenerational communication gaps.
In some seaside settlements, elderly monolingual Chukchi speakers are unable to communicate with their grandchildren, further illustrating the generational shift. Middle-aged speakers often communicate in Russian, inserting Chukchi words only occasionally for humorous effect or identity marking; Chukchi also occurs between relatives or friends, in situations where it is necessary to hide something from others (as a so-called “secret language”).
Chukchi remains in use among people aged 50 and older while working in reindeer herding brigades. It is also used during friendly communication between native speakers of 50 years and older, organized for the sake of language practice itself. Among younger adults (ages 30–35), the language is rarely used, and the transmission to children is minimal. Native speakers sometimes use Chukchi to signal their national identity during brief exchanges or casual conversations, though young people generally do not employ it except when addressing older or middle-aged community members.
Language structure
Phonetics
The Chukchi language has 6 vowels and 14 consonant phonemes.
Phonetics
A central phonetic feature of Chukchi is height-based vowel harmony. The feature operates throughout morphemes: morphemes exhibit either strong or weak vocalism, and the presence of strong vowels in a word form affects the vocalism of other morphemes and reform weak vowels to the strong ones. The strong vowels affect the vocalism of the entire word form – not only roots, but also affixes.
The glottal stop is an independent consonant phoneme. There is no opposition between hard and soft consonants, nor are there voiced retroflex consonants. Diphthongs do not occur, although some vowel combinations may sound similar to them.
Morphology
Chukchi is an agglutinative language, with extensive use of affixation, incorporation is also possible.
Morphology
Chukchi is an agglutinative language with the predominance of affixation (in addition to suffixes, prefixes and circumfixes are widely used); incorporation is allowed.
Nouns are classified by animacy into “human” (high degree of animacy) and “non-human” (neutral degree of animacy) categories, each with distinct declension patterns. The case system comprises seven to thirteen cases. Number is expressed solely in the absolutive form. There is no adjective class. The decimal system is used.
Verbs display two conjugation types: monopersonal (intransitive) and polypersonal (transitive). In addition to personal forms, verbs have adjectival forms (perfect and imperfect) corresponding to predicative attributes. Analytical verb constructions are common.
Syntax
Basic word order is SOV. The language with split ergativity.
Syntax
Chukchi exhibits split ergativity, primarily affecting case marking. Argument marking combines nominative-accusative and ergative strategies. Ergative constructions may be transformed into anti-passive constructions.
The basic word order is SOV, though pragmatic word order variations are frequent.
Vocabulary
Contact with Russian has influenced Chukchi lexically and syntactically.
Vocabulary
Loanwords are common, and Russian syntactic patterns appear in written and translated texts. The latter is manifested in the written language (translated texts). Oral daily speech, however, remains less affected by these pressures.
Language experts
Maria Yuryevna Pupynina
(Saint Petersburg, Russia)Author of numerous studies on the Chukchi language and multilingualism in the Lower Kolyma and Chukotka.
In 2015-2017, the Chukchi-Russian Dictionary was digitized under the leadership of Maria Yurievna as a part of the project of the foundation of the non-profit organization “Kupol [Dome]”. It was completed and arranged using the modern T-Lex program. The work on the dictionary was started in 1987-1988 by a senior researcher of the Institute – P. I. Inenlikey.
Oleg Sergeyevich Volkov
(HSE, Moscow)Researcher and author of several publications on verbal categories in Chukchi.
One of the organizers of the Chukchi expedition of the HSE School of Linguistics.
Michael Dunn
(Uppsala University, Sweden)Author of a comprehensive grammar of Chukchi and studies on its sociolinguistic aspects.
Research centres
Department of Languages of the Peoples of Russia ILS RAS
Currently, the department includes specialists in Mongolic, Baltic-Finnic, Samoyedic, Tungus-Manchu, Turkic, Chukchi-Kamchatkan, and Eskimo-Aleutian languages.
Higher School of Economics
Linguistic expeditions to Chukotka began in 2016, in collaboration with the Department of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics of Moscow State University. Teachers (Oleg Volkov and Ivan Stenin) participate in expeditions organized by the HSE School of Linguistics as well as undergraduate and graduate students.
Core references
Grammatical descriptions: grammars, sketches
Bogoraz V. G. Luoravetlanskiy (chukotskiy) yazyk // Yazyki i pis'mennost' narodov Severa [The Luoravetlan (Chukchi) language // Languages and writing of the peoples of the North]. Pt. 2: Yazyki i pis'mennost' paleoaziatskikh narodov [Languages and writing of Paleoasiatic peoples]. M.; L.: Uchpedgiz, 1934. p. 5-46.
Skorik P. Ya. Grammatika chukotskogo yazyka. Chast' pervaya. Fonetika i morfologiya imennykh chastey [Grammar of the Chukchi language. Part one. Phonetics and morphology of nominal parts]. M., L.: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR [Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR], 1961.
Skorik P. Ya. Grammatika chukotskogo yazyka. Chast' vtoraya. Glagol, narechie, sluzhebnye slova [Grammar of the Chukchi language. Part two. Verb, adverb, link words]. M., L.: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR [Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR], 1977.
Dunn M. J. A Grammar of Chukchi. Thesis. Canberra: Australian National University, 1999.
Dictionaries
Inenlikey P. I. Slovar' chukotsko-russkiy i russko-chukotskiy: Uchebnoe posobie dlya uchashchikhsya sredney shkoly [The Chukchi-Russian and Russian-Chukchi Dictionary: A textbook for secondary school students]. – Ed. 3rd, ed. Saint Petersburg.: Izd-vo “Drofa” [Publishing House “Bustard”], 2006.
Moll T. A., Inenlikey P. I. Chukotsko-russkiy slovar': Posobie dlya uchashchikhsya 5–9 kl. obshcheobraz. uchrezhd [The Chukchi-Russian Dictionary: A manual for students of 5-9 grades. general education institution]. – 2nd ed., redone and add. St. Petersburg: Filial izd-va “Prosveshchenie” [Branch of the Publishing House “Enlightenment”], 2005.
Ranavroltyna V. G. Elektronnyy chukotsko-russkiy tematicheskiy slovar' [The electronic Chukchi-Russian thematic Dictionary]. Anadyr, 2005.
Publications of texts
Materialy po izucheniyu chukotskogo yazyka i fol'klora, sobrannye v Kolymskom okruge V. G. Bogorazom. Chast' I. Obraztsy narodnoy slovesnosti chukoch (teksty s perevodami i pereskazy). Trudy Yakutskoy ekspeditsii, snaryazhennoy na sredstva I. M. Sibiryakova [Materials on the study of the Chukchi language and folklore that were collected in the Kolyma District by V. G. Bogoraz. Part I. Samples of the Chukchi’s folk literature (texts with translations and retellings). Proceedings of the Yakut expedition, equipped at the expense of I. M. Sibiryakov], Ed. 3, vol. XI, P. III St. Petersburg: tipogr. Imper. Akad. Nauk [typogr. Imperial. Acad. Science], 1900.
Bogoras W. Chukchee Mythology. (Publications of the American Ethnological Society, VIII.) New York: AMS Press, 1910.
https://web.archive.org/web/20100315132016/http://www.ling-atlas.jp/r/tale/list – tales in Chukchi with English substring.
Работы по этнологии
Vdovin I. S. Vaegskie chukchi // Sibirskiy etnograficheskiy sbornik [The Vayeg Chukchi // Siberian ethnographic collection]. Release 4. Moscow: In-t etnologii i antropologii [Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology], 1962. p. 153-164.
Istoriya i kul'tura chukchey. Istoriko-etnograficheskie ocherki [History and culture of the Chukchi. Historical and ethnographic essays] / Ed. by I. S. Vdovin. L.: Nauka [Science], 1987.
Resources
Corpora and text collections
The website “Chuklang” is a multimedia Internet resource that presents materials and studies on the Chukchi language. The two main components of this resource are the corpus of oral texts and the sketch. All the materials were collected during linguistic expeditions to the Amguema village of the Uilta District of the Chukot Autonomous Area.
Other electronic resources
The dictionary is a substantially expanded and improved version of the Chukchi-Russian Dictionary created by T. A. Moll and P. I. Inenlikey and firstly published in 1956 and reissued in 2005.
Data for this page kindly provided by
Maria Pupynina (ILS RAS) and Evgenia Roltyntonau (Herzen State Pedagogical University).